Xian...China

Xi'an is one of the most famous ancient capitals in China.
It has been capital city of several dynasties in history.

The world-famous Mausoleum of the First Emperor of' the Chin Dynasty and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses is just in Xi'an and it is called "the 8th wonder in the world".Many foreign tourists say that not having been to Xi'an means not having been to China;not having been to Mausoleum of the First Emperor of' the Chin Dynasty and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses means not having been to Xi'an.After a long time underground,it has been shown to the whole world.All of Chinese feel proud of it.

   Xi'an is one of the human civilization cradles in the world.There were "Lantian ape men" over 1 million years ago,"Dali men" over 200,000 years ago, "Banpo men" over 6000 years ago.From Xizhou dynasty in 11th century BC,there have been over 10 dynasties who chose Xi'an as its capital.During these more than 1000 years,it has created and accumulated effulgent civilization of ancient times.

  During Warring States,the emperor Shi Huangdi chose Xianyang(=Xi'an) as the capital.He consolidated characters,coin and metrology and he also created a new country.After that,he ordered lots of builders to build mausoleum for him.The whole project lasted 40 years.More than 700,000 builders worked on this project and the mausoleum covered 250,000 square meters.To the east of the mausoleum about 1.5 kilometers,it was the pit of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses which is "the 8th wonder in the world".

 There are 3 pits and No.1&No.2 pits have been shown to the tourists.

  Pit No.1 is rectangular in shape, 230 meters long and 62 meters wide. There are five doorways and a long aside on each side. Between the two aisles are nine corridors running from north to south, Separated by walls made of rammed earth.

  There is a rectangular formation of chariot soldiers and infantry soldiers with the former as the main body. On each side of the pit a row of warriors were placed facing outside. They are presumed to be the flank guards and backguards. The warriors in the three rows on eastern side are considered the vanguard. In the nine corridors, chariots soldiers and infantrymen were placed in alternate lines, forming the main body of the huge battle formation. In each corridor, there are four rows of warriors, some in battle robes, other with armor. Chariot are placed between the warriors, each followed by a charioteer and two chariots soldiers.

  The front five corridors, covering an area of 2000 sq. meters, including 1087 terracotta figures, 8 battle chariots and 32 horses are now on display. It is estimated that as many as 6000 terracotta figures and more than 180 chariot horses will be found in Pit No.1 when the pit is completely excavated.

   Pit No. 2 is L-shaped, covering an area of 6000 sqm. it is formed by 4 sections: first, the eastern end, in which are 172 archers in kneeling position along the corridors in the middle; second, the southern part, formed by eight corridors in each row followed by two to four chariot soliders(No infantrymen are found here), third, the central part in which three rows of chariots are placed in three corridors, six chariots in each row, each followed by infantry soldiers and cavalrymen, forming a battle formation of chriots, infantrymen and cavalrymen; fourth, the L-shaped northern part. In its three corridors, there are two battle chariots placed in the east, followed by eight teams of cavalrymen, each team being arranged in four rows. These four sections are both independent from and closely connected with each other. Differrent kinds of soldiers are combined to form one integrated battle formation. which can also be described as an independent formation composed of four smaller ones.

  Pit No. 2 is estimated to house 1300 warriors of different kinds, 89 battle horses, 356 chariot horses and 100 saddled horses.

  Pit No. 3 is in the shape of a Chinese character, covering an area of 520 sq meters, Unearthed here are one battle chariot, four chariot horse and 68 warrior figures, The warriors in this pit were arranged face to face, suggesting that Pit No. 3 is the command headquarter of the Qin terracotta amrmy.

Forbidden City of China

History of China... Ming Dynasty

How it all started in China...

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Miyawaki Junko, a historian and an author, explains China's history and China's notion of territory.


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Facts about China:


The name China came from Qin, which was the first imperial dynasty founded in 221 BC.
Qin became Sina then China.
Chinese civilization is 2200 years long.
China has been occupied by northern races since 600.
Han race is almost despaired or assimilated into northern races.
China (ROC) was founded in 1912 with only 14 states.
Mongol, Manchu, and Taiwan were independent nations.


History according to the Chinese perspective:
What the Chinese say or what their made-up records show becomes history.
The Chinese ignore historical facts.


Territory according to the Chinese perspective:
China is the center of world so the occupier's land becomes part of China.
If China says that part of land is theirs, it will become theirs because China owns all lands.
China wants to recover the biggest territory and expand more. 


Sinocentrism:
China is the center of civilization and superior to all other nations.


Must Read Book:
"Ways that are dark: the truth about China" by Ralph Townsend


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The last three imperial dynasties to rule China:
 the Yuan (Mongol), the Ming and the Qing (Manchu).

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Wonders of China

[Discovery].....7 Wonders of China.....

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Ancient Chinese Inventions

Europeans often claim they are superior based on "their" inventions.
But as this Discovery Channel documentary shows, Europeans merely copied many inventions that originated in The East.

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Dr.Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal Plastic - Surgeon - England

http://www.islamicmedicine.org/shortcv.htm

                           

    D. Sharif palm Ghaza 's born in Syria, he studied medicine and graduated from the University of Damascus in 1983, then earned a master's degree in general surgery in 1988. began his training in plastic surgery, hand and burns in Ireland in 1990, where he earned a fellowship from the Royal Academy of Surgeons in Ireland  He then moved to Britain in 1994, where authorized in the jurisdiction of Plastic Surgery from the Royal College of Surgeons in London in 1997.  has received 

also a PhD in plastic surgery from the University of Nottingham in Ankltraam 2000 .  
and received a Masters degree in medical law and medical ethics from the Department of Law at the University Huddersfield in Britain in 2006. he still lives and works in Britain, West Yorkshire, a consultant in plastic surgery and hand   and is a member of the Board of Medical Ethics to monitor the research university in Bradford, England.

which is a Staz Emeritus in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds in Britain

    Performed and participated in more than 30 papers in Altb surgery have been published for most of them in a number of specialized international magazines.

    D. Sharif palm of deer is a member of a number of international associations, led by the British Association of Plastic Surgeons,
and the British Society for Surgery microstructure, and the British Society for Surgery of the Hand, and the World Association for burns, and the Academy of Science in New York, and others.
 his name was included in the global list of doctors for excellence in publication   Who's Who  American in 2000.

  D. Sharif, his interests and several research in the field of Islamic Medicine
 , a founding member of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine and a member of its executive  and one of the editors of International Journal of the Society. a member of the consultant in the International Institute of Islamic medicine in the United States 
 is also a member of the editorial board of Arab physician by published in Europe and in Arabic-speaking on behalf of the Union of Arab Doctors in Europe . AndMember Editorial Board of Encyclopedia of Arab Doctors  
also a member in institutions and other associations interested in the history of medicine and medical ethics

Dr. Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal was born in Syria
He graduated from Damascus University Medical School in in 1983
Obtained his Master Degree of Surgery in 1988 in
Trained in Ireland & England in Plastic Surgery
Certified by the Royal College of Surgeons in England in 1997
Obtained "Doctor of Medicine "- MD - postgraduate degree in plastic surgery from Nottingham University in two thousand
Also obtained "Master of Arts" - MA - in Medical Law & Ethics from Huddersfield University in the UK in 2006
He is still living and working in the UK as a Plastic Surgeon H e is member of Bradford Research Ethics Committee  Also he is Honorary Senior Lecturer in the School of Medicine, University of Leeds (UK).


He has published many articles and papers in plastic, Reconstructive & hand surgery He is a member in many professional associations

British Association of Plastic Surgeons British Society for Surgery of the Hand British Microsurgical Society Royal Society of Medicine  International Society for Burn Injuries  New York Academy of Sciences




Dr.. Sharif has developed a significant interest in Islamic Medicine 
He is one of the founders and executive members of the International Society for History of Islamic Medicine  (ISHIM)
and one of the editors of the Journal ISHIM .  
  He is Advisor Member for the Council Board of  the International Institute of Islamic Medicine (IIIM) in Florida - USA 
He is also a member of the scientific editorial board of the Arab Physician Journal  (The official journal of The Arab Physicians Union in Europe ) And he is one of the editors of theProminent Arab Physician's Encyclopaedia He is also member of many other Islamic medical and professional associations 

        

Prayer : a healing for the spirit and the body

Allah says;    “Seek help with patience and prayer: it is indeed hard, except to those who are humble.” (2: 45)

( واستعينوا بالصبر والصلاة وإنها لكبيرة إلا على الخاشعين ) البقرة 45

     

 Health benefits in prayers:

  o         Prayers help release the burden of the soul and expand the chest.  In prayers, which are the best deeds, the heart gets connected to Allah the Almighty.  The Prophet (PBUH) said, as narrated by Ibn Majah and Al Hakim on the authority of Thawban; 

“Be it known to you that your best deeds are prayers.”

  o     Prayers are surely a healing for the soul.  It is confirmed that the Prophet, if afflicted with grief, would hurry to prayer: “ prayer forbids indecency and dishonour.  Allah’s remembrance is greater; and Allah knows the things you work.” (29: 45)

            ( إن الصلاة تنهى عن الفحشاء والمنكر، ولذكر الله أكبر، والله يعلم ما تصنعون) (العنكبوت 45)

  

o        Prayers help adjust the ‘rhythm’ of the body.  Modern scientific research proved that Moslems’ prayer timings correspond with that of the  physiological activities of the body.  Thus, prayers are considered as the orchestrator that adjusts the ‘rhythm’ of the whole body. In his book ‘Seeking cure from prayers’, Dr. Zaheer Rabeh indicates that cortisone is the hormone of activity that starts to increase acutely in the human body with the approach of dawn time, and is associated with the rise in blood pressure.  Man feels greatly active after dawn prayer between 6-9 a.m.  Thus the time after prayer is considered the best time for hard work and seeking livelihood.  The Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) was quoted saying; “O Lord, give benediction to my umma (nation)at the early morning time.”  Ozone, which has an invigorating effect on the nervous system, and muscular and mental activity, reaches the highest levels in air at such a time. 

Contrary to this is the forenoon time (Dhuha), in which secretion of cortisone reach the minimum limits; leading man to feel exhausted with the stress of work, and the need to have rest.  This is almost after 7 hours of early get-up.  Here comes the time of noon (Zuhr) prayer, which gives complacency and quietness to the exhausted heart and body, and following which man seeks to get an hour of sleep that gives him rest and reinvigorates his activity, in what is termed as Qailulah (nap) before (Asr) (afternoon) prayer.  Such a short sleep was mentioned in the Prophet’s saying;“Get help with Suhoor (meal before dawn time) for fasting, and with Qailulah for Qiyam (night)  prayer.” He also said; “Have Qailulah, as satans do not have it.”  It has been proved that the human body at this period generally encounters a hard time, where an increase occurs in an anesthetic chemical substance secreted by the body that has the effect of tranquilizing, and incites man to sleep.  The body, after 7 hours of early wake-up, is at the lowest levels of concentration and activity.  So if man ignores sleeping at that time, much of his neuromuscular compatibility decreases all day long.  

Then comes the Asr (afternoon) Prayer to reinvigorate the body once again.  Adrenalin then raises in the blood; causing activity in the body functions particularly the cardiac one.   Asr prayer has thus a great effect in preparing the heart and the body to accept this sudden state of activity, which can cause serious troubles to cardiac patients due to the sudden transfer of the heart from the inert state to the active state. Allah says; “Be you watchful over the prayers, and the middle prayer, and do you stand obedient to Allah.” (2: 238)

( حافظوا على الصلوات والصلاة الوسطى وقوموا لله قانتين ( البقرة 238

Most of the Quran Commentators agreed that the middle prayer is Asr prayer. With the discovery of the increase of Adrenalin hormone at this time, the reason behind this Quranic remarkable command of the keep-up of Asr prayer becomes crystal clear.  Performing Asr prayer at designated time, alongside with other extra prayers, reinvigorates the heart gradually to function more effectively after an inert state.   So the rest of bodily organs and senses are in deep concentration in prayer, making it easy for the heart and the hormone to adjust the normal rhythm of the body which reaches the climax at that time. 

Then comes the Maghreb (sunset) prayer.  In contrary  to what happens early in the morning, Cortisone decreases and the activity of the body starts to diminish.  With the transfer from daylight into night darkness, melatonin increases  encouraging relaxation and sleep, and causing laziness to the body.  Here prayer comes as a transitional station. 

Prayer of Isha (early night prayer) is the last station in the course of the day, wherein the body is transferred from the state of activity and mobility to a state of seeking sleep with the spread of darkness and the increase of melatonin secretion.  Therefore, it is commendable to delay Isha prayer to the time before sleep so that all man’s preoccupations are finalized, and sleep comes next. The regular secretion of melatonin is closely related to the sexual and mental maturity, which is the consequence of following a fixed programme and a way of life.  Therefore, we find that adherence to perform prayers on time is the best way that guarantees an integral compatibility with daily activities, thus leading to highly efficient functions of human body systems.

o       Prayer is a prevention from varicose.  Legs varicose is a common dysfunction in the legs veins, which takes the shape of big and zigzag veins filled with blood of a changed colour all along the lower limbs.   Dr. “Tawfiq Elwan”, a Professor in Alexandria Faculty of Medicine (Egypt), indicated that with the meticulous observation of prayer movements, it was found out that prayer is distinguished with a wonderful measure of smoothness, harmony and coordination, represented in standing, kneeling (Ruku’), prostration (Sujood)  and sitting between every two prostrations. With a scientific study of the measure of pressure exerted on the walls of the saphenous vein at the ankle joint, it was found out that the great decrease in that pressure during kneeling reaches almost the half.   As for the state of Sujood, the average pressure becomes very slight.  Naturally, this decrease is a full rest to that vein, which is greatly exhausted due to the severity of pressure all along the periods of standing.  The position of Sujood helps the blood circulation work in the same direction of earth gravity, as blood which always suffers the bitter creep from the feet soles to the cardiac muscle, now pours smoothly and easily from top to bottom.  This process reduces much of the vein pressure over the feet dorsum around 80 times (from the state of standing to the state of Sujood).  Consequently, the risks of having varicose, which rarely affects those performing prayers regularly and properly, are diminished.

Varicose veins in both legs
 

  o    Prayer for strengthening bones.  Bones pass with two consecutive stages : the stage of anabolism followed by the stage of catabolism and so on in a continuous manner. In the phase of youth and growth, man’s anabolism increases, so bones become longer and stronger.  After the phase of maturity and with the advance of age, catabolism takes the lead, with the amount of bone decreasing and becoming more fragile, and the spine bows due to the vertebra’s collapse, shortness and weakness.   

The activity and the strength of bones are the outcome of :   
 i.     Powers of pressure and pulling exercised by the muscles and tendons, which sticks to bones, during flexion and extension.   
ii.      It has been recently proved that an electric current with two different poles runs inside the bones; affecting the distribution of cells functions such as anabolism and catabolism cells.  The current also determines at large the aspects of these cells activities.  The experiments proved that in case of laziness and rest, the electric current is diminished, leading the bones to lose the componential materials, thus they become thin and weak.  Experiment also revealed that during travel to space where gravity is totally absent, muscles become weak and bones become thin due to the inability to resist the burden of the earth gravity.  It is therefore deduced that complete rest causes the bones to shrink, as the absence of movements activates catabolism cells, and weakens anabolism cells, hence a reduction of the bony material occurs.

 

·       The performance of 17 units (Rak’ah) of obligatory prayers, and some more of extra prayers, strengthens man’s bones, and forces him to do a bodily movement not less than one hour daily. This happens all along the life of the Moslem, who never abandons prayers.

·    Prayer is a regular simple exercise at different times, and helps keep the viability of the body specially the cardiac system and blood circulation.

·   Prayer is a psychological therapy that helps calm the soul and relieve all tension for many reasons, of which the most significant is: man feels that all his problems are very small in the face of the Greatness and Capability of the Creator Who handles this large universe.  The Moslem, after finishing his prayer, has thrown all he has of problems and worries, as he has deputized the Merciful Lord to manage and relieve him of such troubles.  Prayers help remove all sources of tension due to the constant change of movements.  It is known that such a change leads to an important physiological relaxation, therefore, the Prophet commanded that the Moslem when afflicted with a state pf anger, should resort to prayers.  It has been proved that prayer have an immediate effect on the nervous system, as they calm agitation and maintain balance.  They are as well a successful treatment for insomnia resulting from the nervous dysfunction.

http://www.islamicmedicine.org/medmiraclesofquran/medmiracleseng.htm#see

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